
Copywriting and generative AI
What AI really does well in writing, and what it does not. The opportunities, risks and my methodological approach to keeping it under control.
- 01. Why talk about it now
- 02. The neogenerative framework – voice before text
- 03. Practical snapshot
- 04. A short practical glossary
- 05. Opportunities: speed, scale and, under certain conditions, effectiveness
- 06. Risks and limits: without your direction, AI writes… but not for you
- 07. The moral of the story
- 08. [OPTIONAL] – A game to really understand
- Sources and bibliography
01
Why talk about it now
AI is not a passing fad; that much is certain. The adoption of generative AI in communication is no longer just a matter for early adopters: it is already everyday reality. The question is not whether we will use it, but how. Every day I see professionals, companies, SMEs and larger organisations overflowing with enthusiasm about using AI in their workflows: it writes their emails, produces reports in minutes instead of hours, creates abstracts, summaries, complex analyses, charts, figures, projections – you name it. Yet in 99% of cases, I have noticed a complete lack of understanding of how it actually works. That worries me considerably. A significant amount of knowledge and know-how is missing, and to my mind that is the real risk: not so much the tool itself, but the way it is used. Or rather, the missing awareness that becomes apparent when using it.
The subject is far too broad to tackle in full, but I want to try, focusing on one of its most widespread aspects: generating texts, reports, emails, LinkedIn posts, scientific studies and even white papers published by people I have known personally for years, and who I know for certain have absolutely, emphatically no idea what they are talking about! At first this disoriented me, then it pushed me to understand. Why are we heading in this direction? Is something wrong? And if so, what risks are we walking into?
Here is the point: AI has already entered business writing, but without awareness and governance it risks becoming a boomerang. And if we are not ready to catch it gracefully, do you know where that boomerang lands? Straight in our teeth! And I imagine you know perfectly well what a good dentist costs these days…
Leaving the “personal” observations aside and returning to a business perspective, the challenge is not only technical. It is strategic. It concerns who you are as a company or professional, how you want to be perceived and how far you can go without losing control. That is why this matters so much to SMEs, though not only to them. You do not need to be an expert in algorithms to work with AI today, but you do need to understand the medium: where AI really begins and ends, where its limits and risks lie, and where the human role becomes vital to avoid taking that boomerang in the teeth.
That is why we need to talk about it now. We are at that delicate stage when technology moves faster than the culture surrounding it. When that happens, a fine crack often opens between what we can do and what we actually know how to do. Errors, misplaced expectations and embarrassing moments with clients slip into that gap. Discussing AI in writing today means anticipating future problems and avoiding reputational damage. Above all, it means affirming a principle: responsibility cannot be delegated. Not even to artificial intelligence. To use these tools well, we must first look in the mirror, question our habits and approaches and perhaps rediscover the pleasure of writing with our hands dirty with thought.
02
The neogenerative framework – voice before text
Just so we are aligned: when I write with artificial intelligence, I am not looking for “a text”, but for an ordered precipitation within my Gaussian Semiotic Cloud. Copy is not a point appearing from nowhere: it is the local effect of a distribution of possibilities – my Gaussian distribution of meaning – which collapses into a bubble when the context is clear, the audience is defined and the voice is mine. If even one of those three elements is missing, the bubble expands, meaning blurs and the result becomes vanilla content that anyone could have written.
That is why, before opening the prompt, I define who is speaking (invariants), how far I can deviate (tolerances) and what is excluded (banned elements). My I·T·B is not an obsession with control: it is the form that lets the bubble remain coherent without becoming rigid. The machine then accelerates the variations; I decide which one makes meaning collapse at the right point.
There is another check I consider non-negotiable: the difference between intention and interpretation. I may intend X, but the reader may read Y. I measure that alignment between intention and perception, even if only mentally, as a Semantic Adherence Index. I think of the text’s ability to make different readings converge on the same core as a Semantic Convergence Index. If AI accelerates too much and I lose focus, those two indices collapse, and the text, however “perfect”, no longer sustains the identity.
In practice, my rule is simple: voice before prompt; form before speed. A small difference at the start, an enormous one at the finish. Within the Cloud, the bubble stays dense and readable: the text precipitates where it should, not wherever it happens to land. If I ask the machine for three variations, it is to choose clearly which trajectory of meaning I want to make real here and now, not to delegate my profession to an algorithm.
When people ask me, “But does AI really write well?”, I answer: it writes fast. It writes well when we teach it to.
Before exploring technique, theory and practice, I want to show how I work: my “method” for avoiding a boomerang in the teeth. I use it daily in both strategic and production tasks involving writing and editing, with no filters, no buts and no frills. No fluff here!
03
Practical snapshot
Here is what I focus on when I use generative AI for writing, or help others use it:
- I define the voice before the prompt. “If you do not know who you are, AI cannot know either.” That was one of the first lessons I learned, the hard way. In short, stylistic clarity must come from me, not the model.
- I choose a precise task. A LinkedIn post? A client email? A descriptive paragraph? AI performs best when I ask for one clearly defined thing at a time.
- I ask for constructive alternatives and reasons, not absolute truths on the first attempt. AI cannot always formulate truths, least of all at the first try. Output is a starting point: I treat it as a proposal to assess, not a verdict to execute.
- I always carry out a considered review. Always!!! Every line. Every number and every “truth” must pass through my knowledge, know-how, experience, sensitivity and direct validation. I do not just mean the obvious risk of saying something wrong, but a subtler risk that is hard to detect without real attention: “correct banalities”. Their effect is quieter and more insidious: invisibility.
- I document the process. Keeping track of prompts, iterations and changes helps me build a real methodology rather than creative roulette.
04
A short practical glossary
- ToV (Tone of Voice)
The tone, rhythm, vocabulary and taboos that make a company recognisable in its writing. Without them, even excellent copy feels anonymous. - Prompt contract
The implicit or explicit agreement between you and AI: what you want to achieve, in what style and within which constraints. Without a clear brief, the output is random. - Constructive alternatives
Asking for alternatives, different perspectives and narrative angles. The aim is to practise plurality, not find “the truth”. - Truth vs. validation
AI can sound authoritative even when it is wrong. The final check is always ours, using experience and common sense. - Correct banalities
Sentences that are grammatically and logically perfect but empty of meaning and read a thousand times before. The number one enemy of differentiation. - Narrative boomerang
When you delegate too much to the machine and end up with a text that rebounds on you: impersonal, flat and damaging to your identity. - Considered review
Editing is not spellchecking. It is an act of responsibility: deciding what to keep, cut and rewrite. With judgement. - Vanilla content
Generic content that is correct but lacks personality, tone, depth or distinctiveness. It could work for anyone, so it strikes no one. Texts that never really get anything wrong but never leave a mark. Perfectly neutral, and therefore invisible.
05
Opportunities: speed, scale and, under certain conditions, effectiveness
Let us start with what works. Or at least what has truly convinced me in practice: generative AI is fast. Very fast! Faster than we are… Whether generating a draft, suggesting five alternative headlines, adapting a text from one audience to another or translating a presentation summary into three languages, it is like having an assistant who never sleeps. And never sighs. In the studio, I often need caption ideas, a bridging paragraph for an article or a newsletter summary. In these cases, ChatGPT is my first stop. Not because it is infallible, but because it is damn useful for saving time.
If there is one thing generative AI excels at, it is speed. Tasks that once took hours – drafting a blog post, preparing five headline variations, translating a text – can now be completed in minutes with tools such as ChatGPT. For a small business with limited resources, that is gold: it means publishing content faster and freeing the team’s time for other creative or strategic activities. In practice, an article that once took eight hours to draft and revise can now be ready in two or three hours of actual human work, because AI has accelerated the more mechanical parts.
And speed goes hand in hand with scale: the same team can now produce more content than before. I was curious to find figures showing how widespread this awareness was, and found some very interesting statistics confirming that I am far from the only person to have realised it.
Generative AI is no longer science fiction: globally, 78% of organisations report using it in 2024 [1]. In marketing, around 70% of companies have already started using it [2] for activities such as personalised content creation and audience segmentation. Yet adoption among small and medium-sized enterprises remains in its infancy: in the EU, only around 11% of firms with fewer than 250 employees used AI systems in 2024 [3]. Even across marketing functions more broadly, only 10–14% of companies report [4] using generative AI on a genuinely ongoing basis in marketing and sales processes – a sign of the distance still separating theoretical enthusiasm from everyday practice.
Beyond doing more, faster, AI can also help us do better, at least in some areas. Properly integrated and guided, generative AI can genuinely strengthen the human copywriter’s work. This is not just theory: in an experiment involving 758 consultants, Harvard and BCG found that groups supported by GPT-4 completed tasks 25% faster, performed 12% more tasks and achieved final quality over 40% higher than the group without AI [5]. In other words, AI accelerates drafts and improves results, but only when it serves the professional, not the other way round.
Precisely because it “accelerates”, generative AI can quickly lead to glaring errors if used without oversight. In its responsible AI framework, NIST highlights the risk of “confabulation”: generative models tend to invent false but plausible content and present it with complete confidence [6]. Without a human filter, users risk accepting these hallucinations as fact, publishing them or acting on them. That is why the NIST guidelines explicitly recommend additional human review and greater oversight in workflows incorporating generative AI [6].
Another often underestimated advantage is personalisation. Properly instructed, generative models can convincingly adapt the same message to different audiences. Take email campaigns: AI can help rewrite the same content in different tones for different customer segments, or translate it into several languages while retaining its style. Where an SME might previously have abandoned localisation for lack of budget, it can now try, perhaps using AI for a first draft in English or German and then refining it with a native speaker. The result? Broader, more targeted communication without soaring costs. Recent studies confirm that generative AI in advertising brings lower costs and higher profits precisely through these production efficiencies.
In short, generative AI today is a little like the smartphone in photography. It has democratised content creation. Where once only a professional copywriter could produce good advertising copy, now anyone – an entrepreneur, assistant or intern – can get decent copy for a webpage or social post with ChatGPT’s help. BUT… that does not mean we have suddenly all become professional photographers, artists, filmmakers or writers. NO! It does not automatically give us excellent texts, just as taking a phone photo does not make us Annie Leibovitz. It certainly raises the minimum standard, though: emails, posts and product descriptions can have fewer typos, cleaner structures and even unexpected creative touches. For many SMEs, that alone is a step up in quality. Above all, it raises the bar for those who already did this professionally. It accelerates, improves, optimises, verifies, extends and deepens what the professional was already doing.
This is exactly the catch: the professional. I do not use that word casually. I mean people who were already photographers and can now do it better. People who were already waiters and can now do their job even better with AI. But if you could not write about Dumas before, perhaps because you do not even know who Dumas is, and now attempt a literary critique of The Three Musketeers generated from a hastily written prompt, the result may seem like a masterpiece to you. To someone in the profession, someone who knows the subject, who has studied, written, made mistakes, corrected and rewritten hundreds of times, that text will sound off-key, artificial and insincere. Those were diplomatically impeccable words. What I really wanted to write was: stupid, anti-cultural and false.
That is the point. AI can elevate the work of someone with expertise. It cannot magically fill a void in knowledge, experience or sensitivity. What initially seems a brilliant shortcut can become a boomerang: invisibility, lost credibility, an indistinct voice among thousands. AI is not a qualification. It is an amplifier. And if there is nothing to amplify, all you hear is noise.
And what I have seen is that, after a while, people give up… I no longer see literary criticism of The Three Musketeers or Dumas written by people who previously dealt with investment funds in Malta, or in-depth AI articles written merely because someone activated a ChatGPT PRO subscription. Or I see people persisting – that happens too – but anonymously, without evidence, without success, amid collective indifference and complete silence. It is like singing in the shower: there we are all Pavarotti or Mina. Thank goodness nobody hears us. Perhaps only the neighbours. But they are used to it. And they know the shower lasts only a few minutes.
06
Risks and limits: without your direction, AI writes… but not for you
I've seen things you people wouldn't believe. Attack ships on fire off the shoulder of Orion. I watched C-beams glitter in the dark near the Tannhäuser Gate. All those moments will be lost in time, like tears in rain.
// 01
Creativity and empathy
Yes, I have seen things…
Articles that seemed to come from an Ikea instruction manual, press releases in the voice of a washing machine on its spin cycle, LinkedIn texts starting with “In today’s ever-changing world…”, crammed with random icons, bold scattered everywhere, italics thrown about and words that not even Treccani could help me with. When I see this, at the very least I stop reading. I close the page. And the best part is that the people who published it were proud of it.
If you use AI to write and trust it like an all-knowing ghostwriter, what you get is not content but a faded copy of a copy of a copy… of a copy. Perfectly readable, certainly. But completely forgettable. Like those sentences you have to reread immediately because you were thinking about something else and cannot remember what you read – or even who wrote it. Worse still, they seem like something you have read a thousand times. They are instantly forgotten and will be lost in time… like tears in rain.
Still, with everything AI can do, it sounds like a celebration so far: more content, faster, at lower cost. Where is the catch? The catch – or rather the challenge – lies in what AI cannot do or guarantee as well as a human being. We need to face that, because mistaking AI for something it is not can be costly: embarrassing moments with clients, branding damage or simply ineffective writing.
Let us change perspective for a moment and return to businesses.
// 02
Brand voice and consistency
Every company has, or should have, a recognisable tone of voice: vocabulary, style and values reflected in its writing. Maintaining that consistency is far from automatic for AI. If I ask it to write a LinkedIn post “as Apple would”, I may get an elegant, minimal tone. But if I then request text for a local flyer, it may change register without realising that it is betraying the brand’s personality.
AI struggles to follow editorial guidelines consistently unless they are painstakingly repeated with every request. The risk is disjointed content: formal today, playful tomorrow, highly technical the day after, leaving clients confused. This becomes even clearer in more complex, longer assignments: AI struggles to stay on track, has a short memory, eventually goes off the rails, forgets instructions and starts adding its own ideas. Even with short texts, changing context – from web to print, or technical to promotional – makes tone of voice and stylistic consistency difficult to govern.
This happens because the model generates each piece anew from the prompt, without a deep memory of the brand’s communication history unless specifically trained. And if you try to train it by uploading company texts, you enter complex technical territory that is not accessible to everyone.
Without human oversight, output can be bland and generic and, above all, misaligned with the identity you want to build. Content that “anyone could have written” rarely makes your brand look good.
Now let us examine what I consider the sorest point, perhaps also the most underestimated and therefore the most dangerous.
// 03
Accuracy and reliability
Generative models sometimes make things up. The term is “hallucinations”: AI assembles credible-sounding sentences containing information that is wrong, inaccurate or entirely nonexistent. It may cite a fake statistic, attribute a statement to someone who never made it or present old data as current. Without careful human fact-checking, there is a serious risk of publishing blunders.
ChatGPT users will have noticed a small but ever-present sentence, also found in similar forms in other AI tools: “ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important information.” Yet despite its constant presence, perhaps precisely because of it, we sometimes forget. Caught up in the flow and the excellent results – fantastic texts, perfect metaphors, impressive figures and calculations in minutes – we forget.
And my late grandfather, bless his soul, would say: “And that is where the trap lies!”
Imagine an article on your company blog wrongly claiming that a technology has been banned in Europe, perhaps by confusing regulations, or a social post citing a nonexistent “Harvard study”. Embarrassment is guaranteed.
Sometimes it is not merely embarrassment but real damage: to the brand, to credibility, things that are hard to recover. If your girlfriend cheats and you find out, things are no longer the same, are they? You can forgive, rebuild with effort and perhaps a therapist’s help, but it is not as before. Sometimes the damage is irreparable and leads to separation. “But it only happened once in 20 years.” Once is once too many, because fundamental values collapse, trust collapses, everything collapses.
Even when it avoids glaring errors, AI tends to write with great confidence about matters that need nuance. It lacks the instinctive caution a human would apply to sensitive statements. In regulated or specialist fields such as finance, medicine and law, AI left alone is therefore a public hazard: it does not grasp the ethical or legal implications of what it writes and has no direct experience of the sector.
Google knows this: its search algorithm does not penalise AI-generated content as such, but it does severely penalise “unhelpful” or low-quality content. In other words, if you use AI to churn out superficial or inaccurate fluff, your rankings will suffer, just as they would with poor human copy.
There are other aspects that must NEVER be underestimated, though many people do not even know they exist. They are just as important, if not vital.
// 04
Copyright and originality
When I began using AI for my copy, I often wondered in amazement: “Where does it get these texts? Does it invent them? Copy and paste from other websites? Take a piece from here and another from there, then put them together?”
The crucial question is therefore: are texts generated by Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, truly original? The answer is: yes and no. These models do not extract sentences from a database or directly copy and paste. They work probabilistically, reshuffling, rephrasing and recombining what they learned during training on billions of publicly available words and pieces of content.
Usually the result is not a 1:1 copy of an existing source. Yet distinctive sentences or formulations may be reproduced very closely, especially if they recur frequently in the training data or the prompt evokes common structures.
This raises significant legal questions: who holds the copyright to a generated text? And if it contains passages similar to protected works, who is responsible? Legislation struggles to keep pace, and considerable uncertainty remains.
Also, pay attention to data: NIST experts warn that using large datasets, potentially containing personal information, to train or operate AI creates risks of unauthorised use or exposure of sensitive data [8]. For an SME, that means paying double attention to what goes into prompts and where AI-generated texts are stored, to avoid data leaks or breaches of company privacy.
A company could therefore theoretically face copyright infringement claims, for example if a careless editor publishes unedited AI output that unfortunately draws too heavily on someone else’s article.
From an SEO perspective, content too similar to material already online adds no value and may be filtered out by search engines.
AI must also be used with legal judgement, especially when generating creative or narrative texts. We should treat it as a writing assistant who needs supervision, lest automating the work leave us dealing with legal trouble or online penalties.
That is why I adopted a simple but strict practice: whenever I give AI a task involving data, percentages or external references, as in this very article, I always ask it to cite the source. More than that, I insist that the source be directly traceable, without shortcuts, generic links or opaque redirects. If the route to the original source is too convoluted, unclear or ambiguous, I prefer to discard the information. An unverifiable figure is a worthless figure. Full stop. It is a matter of rigour, but above all of credibility.
Finally, there is another aspect that must not be underestimated. I too have fallen victim to it. Fortunately, I have learned to navigate it, but it is not always easy.
I mean the hype surrounding AI. Scroll through social media or the news and it jumps out at you. AI is everywhere: making videos on its own, acting as your secretary, shopping for you, booking trips, writing entire books to sell on Amazon – everything imaginable! The hype is thick enough to slice with a knife like a loaf of bread…
// 05
Overestimation and disillusionment
One of the subtlest risks is mistaken expectations. Enthusiasm for AI has sometimes created the false impression that perfect content is available at the push of a button, like an inexhaustible copywriter in a box.
Many SMEs have tried generative tools with that hope and been disappointed: raw texts often need considerable editing, and without someone able to assess them critically, substandard material may be published.
We therefore need to recognise that AI is not a magic wand but an accelerator subject to human direction. As one expert said during a panel discussion, we have probably overestimated what AI will do in the short term and underestimated what it will do in the long term.
In other words, do not expect miracles today – a human eye is still needed – but stay alert, because AI could genuinely revolutionise everything in future. Balance, then, and no solo runs by an algorithm without a pilot.
07
The moral of the story
Generative AI is not yet our “new copywriter” in the strict sense: it is not waiting in the office in place of the writer you fired. In fact, call that person back immediately, apologise and rehire them with a bonus! AI has instead become the new super-apprentice: incredibly fast, tireless, able to write in ten seconds what takes us thirty minutes, yet still needing a senior’s guidance.
For SMEs, this is a concrete opportunity: those who integrate AI into their creative processes can produce content faster, in greater volume and potentially more effectively without distorting their own voice. Those who delegate everything and “let the robot handle it” risk soulless, inaccurate or damaging communication.
The history of technological innovation shows that the greatest benefit comes when technology empowers people rather than replaces them. And nobody is being replaced here, whatever poorly informed journalists chasing audiences with sensational headlines, or clickbait-obsessed influencers, may claim.
And as Marshall McLuhan said: “It was not people who shaped tools, but tools that shaped people.”
Here I agree with McLuhan. But the process is not immediate, instantaneous or sudden. It requires time, assimilation, acquired knowledge and awareness. To be truly effective, useful and above all “healthy”, it needs attention, method and intelligence – human intelligence.
08
[OPTIONAL] – A game to really understand (for patient readers only)
There is a typo in this article. Just one.
In the Italian original, the typo survived two rounds of AI review unscathed, but a friend spotted it instantly. A human. For this version, I have moved the stumbling block to a different passage.
Why leave it here? To remind myself and all of us that writing is not just speed: it is attention. That fraction of a second when the human eye senses the wrong note and meaning precipitates in the wrong place.
If you spot the typo, or already have, you have experienced the idea running through this piece in real time: AI accelerates, but we remain in charge. And sometimes the difference between a “correct” text and a “living” one is a single letter.
Sources and bibliography
[1] Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI, AI Index Report 2025
[2] Eastwood, B., MIT Sloan Management Review, It’s Time for Everyone in Your Company to Understand Generative AI (2023)
[3] Eurostat (European Commission), Use of Artificial Intelligence in Enterprises (2024)
[4] Acar, O. A., A Practical Guide for Marketers Who Want to Use GenAI, Harvard Business Review (2023)
[5] Dell’Acqua, F., Ye, H., Boudreau, K., Navigating the Jagged Technological Frontier: Field Experimental Evidence of the Effects of AI on Knowledge Worker Productivity, Harvard Business School Working Paper 24-013 (2023)
[6] NIST – National Institute of Standards and Technology, Generative AI Risk Management Profile (2024) – risk of “confabulation”
[7] NIST – Generative AI Risk Management Profile (2024) – recommendation for human review and oversight
[8] NIST – Generative AI Risk Management Profile (2024) – privacy and sensitive data risks
_________________
McLuhan, Marshall – Understanding Media (1964)
A seminal work on the role of media as cognitive and cultural extensions of human beings. Cited in the text for the famous aphorism: “It was not people who shaped tools, but tools that shaped people.”
Dick, Philip K. – Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (1968)
The science fiction novel on which the film Blade Runneris based. Its famous final scene is cited in the text (“all those moments will be lost in time, like tears in rain”) as an emotional and symbolic reference to dehumanisation by AI.






























by myself.